Influence of high-dose oral erythromycin on feeding intolerance in preterm neonates: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Feeding intolerance is a common complication in preterm neonates and is responsible for prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed at assessing the effects of high-dose oral erythromycin on feeding intolerance in preterm infants.    Methods: A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed during 2014 and 2015 (Tehran-Iran). Preterm neonates aged >14 days, who met the feeding intolerance criteria were selected for the study and their medical records were randomly assigned into 2 groups by simple randomization. Infants in group A received 10 mg/kg oral erythromycin every 6 hours for 2 days, followed by 4 mg/kg oral erythromycin every 6 hours for 5 days; and infants in group B received placebo with the same route. The number of days until reaching complete oral feeding, day of discharge from NICU, and complications related to intervention were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. Independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney, Fischer exact test, and Chi square were used to analyze the relationships between variables. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.    Results: A total of 20 infants in group A received erythromycin and 20 infants in group B received placebo. Erythromycin could not alter the mean volume of feeding, duration of parental feeding, length of hospitalization, and frequency of feeding discontinuity (p>0.05); however, mean days to reach complete feeding in group A was significantly shorter than in group B (9.80 vs. 16.80 days; p=0.001).    Conclusion: High-dose erythromycin as a rescue measure with no potential adverse effect is beneficial in reducing the time taken to achieve full enteral feeding. However, more extensive investigations are needed to determine the best administration dosage.